User Manual & Help Guide

CVI PW v2.0

Digital Private Banking & Wealth Management for sophisticated investors, advisors, and institutions.

What is CVI PW?

CVI PW is a comprehensive digital private banking and wealth management platform that brings together banking operations, crypto wallets, ERC20 token creation, real-time asset tracking, multi-currency analytics, AI-powered insights, and investment tools — all in one secure, responsive interface. Whether you manage bank accounts, crypto wallets, stocks, bonds, real estate, or alternative assets, CVI PW gives you complete control of your financial life.

Core Capabilities

📊
Dashboard & Analytics
Net Asset Value, P&L, health score, diversification analysis, risk profiling, stress tests, AI insights — all on one decision hub.
💼
Multi-Asset Holdings
Track 9 asset classes — stocks, crypto, bonds, ETFs, cash, property, metals, collectibles, and more — with expandable detail panels.
💰
Income Tracking
Monitor dividends, coupons, interest, rent, and staking rewards. View gross, net, and monthly breakdowns by asset.
🏦
Leverage & Liabilities
LTV ratios, financing costs, per-position debt tracking, interest coverage, and stress-test scenarios for leveraged positions.
📐
Placement Simulator
Add multiple hypothetical trades and instantly see the combined impact on your portfolio — cash, income, yield, and NAV.
🤖
AI-Powered Reports
AI-powered investment advisor with risk profiling, investment recommendations with real products, interactive simulator, portfolio analysis reports, and bank order email generation.
💱
Multi-Currency
Support for 40+ currencies with live FX rates. Switch your base currency instantly — all values recalculate in real time.
🖨️
Print & Export
Generate print-ready portfolio statements, simulation reports, and AI reports. Save as PDF directly from your browser.
🔍
Smart Asset Search
Search by name, ticker, or ISIN. Auto-detects asset type. Fetches live prices, charts, and dividend data from market feeds.
AI Import
Paste trade confirmations or broker statements. AI extracts asset details, quantities, prices, and income data automatically.
🌙
Dark Mode
Full dark theme support with one click. Comfortable for extended use. Your preference is remembered across sessions.
🔐
Multi-User & Roles
Admin and Investor roles. Admins manage users, API keys, and system settings. Investors manage their own portfolios.

Page Map

PagePurposeKey Features
DashboardDecision hubNAV, Health Score, Allocation, Risk, AI Insights, News
HoldingsAsset inventoryFilter by type, expandable rows, charts, P&L, print
IncomePassive incomeGross/net breakdown, per-asset yields, payout schedule
ExpensesRecurring costsCategories, coverage ratio, net surplus calculation
LeverageDebt trackingLTV ratios, financing costs, interest coverage
SimulateWhat-if analysisMultiple placements, combined impact, print report
AI AdvisorInvestment advisorRisk profiling, AI simulate, investment recommendations, portfolio analysis, bank email
NAV HistoryValue trend1M/3M/6M/1Y/ALL periods, sparkline chart
SettingsConfigurationCurrency, FX rates, account, tools
AdminSystem adminUsers, API keys, portfolios overview
Click any section in the sidebar to jump directly to detailed instructions. Use the search bar above to find specific topics quickly.

🚀 Getting Started

Get up and running with CVI PW in minutes.

Logging In

  1. Navigate to the CVI PW login page in your browser.
  2. Enter your username and password provided by your administrator.
  3. Select your role: Investor (portfolio management) or Admin (system administration).
  4. Click Log In. You will be taken to the Dashboard.
Your session is stored in the browser tab. Closing the tab or browser window will log you out. Open a new tab to start a fresh session.

First Steps After Login

  1. Set your base currency — Click the currency button (e.g., "USD") in the top-right corner and select your preferred reporting currency.
  2. Fetch live FX rates — Go to Settings → Currencies and click ⚡ Fetch Live Rates to get the latest exchange rates.
  3. Add your first asset — Click the + Add Asset button in the top-right corner. The full asset wizard will guide you through search, configuration, and income setup.
  4. Explore the Dashboard — Once you have assets, the Dashboard will populate with NAV, allocation, risk metrics, and AI insights.

Navigation

The top navigation bar contains links to all major pages: Dashboard, Holdings, Income, Expenses, Leverage, Simulate, and AI Advisor.

The right side of the navigation bar contains quick actions:

ButtonAction
💱 CurrencySwitch base currency instantly
⚡ RefreshUpdate all asset prices from live market feeds
🖨️ PrintGenerate a print-ready portfolio statement
+ Add AssetOpen the Add Asset wizard
🌙 / ☀️Toggle dark/light theme
👤 UserOpen Settings page
Log OutEnd your session securely

Market Ticker Strip

Below the navigation bar, a scrolling ticker displays live market data for your top holdings and major indices (S&P 500, Gold, Oil, Bitcoin, EUR/USD, Nasdaq). Click the button to collapse it, or 📈 Show Markets to restore it.

📊 Dashboard

Your institutional decision hub — everything at a glance.

Hero KPI Card

The large card at the top displays your portfolio's key performance indicators:

Portfolio Health Score

An interactive donut chart scoring your portfolio from 0 to 100, based on four factors:

The profile label updates: Conservative (70+), Moderate (40–69), or Aggressive (<40).

Asset Allocation

A visual bar chart showing how your capital is distributed across asset classes. Includes a Diversification Score (0–100) and flags concentration warnings if any single type exceeds 40% of the portfolio.

Risk & Leverage

Top Holdings

Your 6 largest positions by value, each showing individual P&L and concentration percentage. Positions exceeding 15% of the portfolio are flagged.

AI Insights

Five rule-based insights analysing your portfolio for concentration risk, liquidity gaps, leverage warnings, income opportunities, and diversification suggestions. Each insight is colour-coded by priority.

Market News

An auto-rotating carousel of headlines related to your holdings. Navigate with arrow buttons or dot indicators. Headlines link to full articles.

💼 Holdings

Your complete asset inventory with filtering, detail panels, and charts.

Overview Panel

At the top, you see the total number of assets, total portfolio value, and average allocation percentages.

Filtering by Type

Click the filter pills (All, Stocks, Crypto, Bonds, ETFs, Cash, Property, Metals, etc.) to instantly filter the table. Each pill shows the count of assets in that category.

Holdings Table

Each row displays:

ColumnDescription
AssetIcon, name, ticker or ISIN, type badge
ValueCurrent market value in base currency
AllocationPercentage of total portfolio with visual bar
CostOriginal cost basis
P&LProfit or loss — absolute amount and percentage (green/red)
IncomeAnnual income and yield percentage

Expandable Detail Panel

Click any asset row to expand an inline detail panel showing:

Print Portfolio

Click the 🖨 Print Portfolio button to generate a comprehensive print-ready report with all asset details, charts, and P&L data expanded. This opens in a new window ready for printing or saving as PDF.

➕ Adding Assets

The full-featured Asset Wizard guides you through adding any investment.

Opening the Wizard

Click the + Add Asset button in the top navigation bar, or from the Holdings page. The wizard opens as a full-screen overlay.

Step 1: Choose Asset Type

Select from the 9 asset type cards:

📈
Stocks & Shares
Equities with dividend tracking
Cryptocurrency
Digital assets and staking rewards
📜
Bonds
Fixed income with coupon payments
📊
ETFs & Funds
Exchange-traded and mutual funds
💵
Cash
Bank deposits and money market
🏠
Real Estate
Property and REIT investments
🥇
Precious Metals
Gold, silver, platinum
🎨
Art & Collectibles
Fine art, wine, vintage items
📦
Other
Any other investment

Step 2: Search & Configure

Smart Asset Search

For searchable asset types (stocks, crypto, ETFs, metals), type a name, ticker symbol, or ISIN into the search field. The system auto-detects:

Select a result to auto-populate name, ticker, ISIN, price, currency, and dividend data.

Form Fields

FieldDescriptionRequired
NameAsset name (auto-filled from search)Yes
Ticker / SymbolExchange ticker for price lookupsNo
ISINInternational Securities ID (12 characters)No
QuantityNumber of units / shares / coinsYes
CurrencyAsset's native currencyYes
Purchase PricePrice per unit at time of purchaseYes
Current PriceLatest market price (⚡ fetch live)No
Purchase DateDate of acquisitionNo
Custody / BrokerWhere the asset is heldNo
Annual Income/UnitDividend, coupon, or yield per unitNo
Payout FrequencyMonthly, quarterly, semi-annual, annual, noneNo
NotesFree-form notes about the positionNo

Leverage (Optional)

If the asset is financed with debt, expand the leverage section:

AI Import

Instead of manual entry, paste any trade confirmation, broker statement, or description text into the ✨ AI Import tab. Claude AI will automatically extract all relevant fields and pre-fill the form.

AI Import works best with structured text like trade confirmations, but can also interpret plain English descriptions like "Bought 50 shares of Apple at $189".

💰 Income & Coupons

Track all passive income from your investments.

Monthly Net Income Banner

The headline banner shows the calculation: Gross Income − Financing Costs − Expenses = Net Income on a monthly basis.

Key Metrics

Income by Asset Table

Every income-generating asset is listed with:

Income types include: Dividends (stocks/ETFs), Coupons (bonds), Interest (cash), Rental Income (property), and Staking Rewards (crypto).

🏦 Leverage & Liabilities

Monitor debt, financing costs, and risk across leveraged positions.

Summary Cards

Leveraged Positions Table

Only assets with active loans appear here. Each row shows:

The overall portfolio LTV ratio is displayed at the bottom.

An LTV above 60% is considered aggressive. The Dashboard stress tests will show how your NAV might be affected by market downturns.

📋 Expenses

Track recurring costs and understand their impact on your net income.

Adding Expenses

  1. Click the + Add Expense button on the Expenses page.
  2. Select a category (Management, Advisory, Insurance, Tax, Platform, Other).
  3. Enter a description, amount, currency, and frequency.
  4. Click Save. The expense will appear in the table and be factored into net income calculations.

Expense Summary Box

Below the table, a summary box shows:

📐 Placement Simulator

Run "what-if" scenarios with multiple hypothetical trades.

How It Works

The simulator lets you add one or more proposed placements (hypothetical trades) and instantly see their combined impact on your portfolio — without making any actual changes to your holdings.

Adding Placements

  1. Navigate to the Simulate page from the top menu.
  2. Click 🔍 Add First Asset. The full Add Asset wizard opens in simulate mode.
  3. Search for an asset, fill in quantity, price, and income details just as you would when adding a real asset.
  4. Click 📐 Simulate Impact. The placement is added to your list.
  5. Repeat to add more placements — there is no limit.

Managing Placements

Each placement appears as a compact card on the left side. You can:

Portfolio Impact Panel

The right column shows the combined effect of all placements:

Impact updates in real time as you add, edit, or remove placements.

Print Simulation Report

Click 🖨 Print / Save Simulation Report to generate a professional report with all proposed placements in a table and the full before/after impact analysis. Opens in a new window for printing or PDF export.

🧠 AI Investment Advisor

AI-powered investment guidance with risk profiling, recommendations, simulation, and reporting.

Investment Profile

On first visit, a guided wizard helps you build your investment profile:

Your profile is used by the AI to tailor all advice and recommendations to your specific situation.

AI Simulate Tab

Choose from pre-built scenarios or describe your own:

The AI analyses your current portfolio, risk profile, and goals, then proposes specific investment products with real names, tickers, ISIN codes, quantities, prices, and expected income. These are automatically loaded into the simulator.

Investment & Leverage Settings

Before running a simulation, configure the Investment & Leverage Settings panel:

The summary bar shows: Own Equity, Total to Deploy, Borrowed Amount (in loan currency), and Interest Cost. When leverage is active, the AI constructs an income-optimised portfolio where the weighted yield exceeds the borrowing cost.

Simulator Tab

All AI-proposed products appear as collapsible cards in the simulator:

Simulation state persists across page navigation — you can browse other pages and return without losing your work.

Historical Backtest

After building a simulation (manually or via AI), click the 📈 Historical Backtest button to see how the portfolio combination would have performed historically:

Historical data is fetched from Yahoo Finance for all products with ticker symbols. Products without tickers are excluded with a warning note.

The backtest uses actual historical closing prices but applies current FX rates for currency conversion. This is an approximation — actual returns with historical FX rates may differ slightly.

Real-Time Market Intelligence

The AI Advisor receives live market data before every interaction:

This intelligence is injected into every AI prompt, enabling the advisor to reference specific market levels, cite recent news events, and position portfolios based on the current macroeconomic environment — not just generic rules.

Report Tab

The Report tab organises all AI-generated content into two categories:

Click any report to view it. Reports can be printed or exported to PDF. You can delete reports you no longer need.

Ask Your Advisor

Ask any investment question in the text box. The AI considers your profile, current holdings, and market context to provide personalised answers. If the response includes specific product recommendations, they are automatically loaded into the simulator.

The AI Advisor requires an Anthropic API key configured in the Admin panel. All recommendations are AI-generated and should be verified before execution.

📈 NAV History & Analytics

Track your portfolio value, leverage costs, and currency impact over time.

Chart Overview

The Portfolio Value History chart on the Holdings page shows an interactive Chart.js line graph with up to four data series. It appears between the Capital Structure bar and the asset table.

Chart Lines

Toggle lines on/off using the coloured pill buttons above the chart:

LineColourY-AxisDescription
Net NAVGoldLeftTotal assets minus total liabilities, converted to your base currency. This is the true value of your portfolio. Shown by default.
Gross AssetsTeal (dashed)LeftTotal market value of all assets before deducting liabilities.
Cum. IncomeGreen (dashed)RightCumulative income (dividends, coupons, distributions) earned over the period. Calculated as annual_income × qty / 365 per day, accumulated over time. Compare this against NAV changes to see if income offsets capital losses. Shown by default.
LiabilitiesBlue (dashed)LeftTotal value of all loans and liabilities converted to your base currency. Shows how your debt obligation changes over time due to FX movements (e.g., a CHF loan valued in AED). Shown by default.

Period Selector

Choose from 1M, 3M, 6M, 1Y, or ALL to view different time ranges. The selected period is highlighted in gold.

Summary Statistics

Above the chart, a banner shows key metrics for the selected period:

Collapse / Expand

Click the ▾/▸ chevron or the title text to collapse the chart into a single line. Your preference is saved across sessions. This is useful if you prefer to see the asset table immediately.

Calculate History (Backfill)

When no historical data exists, the chart shows an empty state with a ⚡ Calculate History button. Clicking this will:

  1. Fetch historical FX rates for all portfolio currencies
  2. Fetch historical prices for each asset (via ticker or ISIN)
  3. Compute daily NAV, leverage cost, and FX impact for the past year
  4. Save all snapshots to the database for instant loading on future visits
Note: The backfill runs in your browser and may take 1–2 minutes depending on the number of assets. Keep the tab open until it completes. Data is permanently saved — you only need to run this once.

Data Persistence

All NAV snapshots are stored in the database. On subsequent logins, the chart loads instantly from saved data. New snapshots are added automatically whenever you update an asset.

⚙️ Settings

Configure your portfolio, currencies, account, and tools.

Portfolio Tab

Currencies Tab

Account Tab

Tools Tab

🔐 Administration

System management for admin users.

The Admin panel is only accessible to users with the Admin role.

System Statistics

Overview cards showing: total users, total assets across all portfolios, total portfolios, and number of admin accounts.

API Key Management

KeyPurposeRequired?
Anthropic API KeyPowers AI asset extraction and report generationFor AI features
Yahoo Finance KeyImproves rate limits for stock/FX dataOptional (free tier works)
CoinGecko KeyImproves rate limits for crypto dataOptional (free tier works)

Each key shows a real-time validation status (green ✓ if valid, red ✗ if invalid or missing).

User Management

Portfolios Overview

View all portfolios across all users: owner, name, asset count, and base currency.

🖨️ Printing & Export

Generate professional print-ready reports from any page.

Portfolio Statement

  1. Click the 🖨 button in the top navigation, or go to Settings → Tools → Print Statement.
  2. The Print Options dialog lets you choose which sections to include: Holdings, Expenses, or high-level summaries only.
  3. Click Generate. A professional statement opens in a new window.
  4. Use your browser's Print dialog (Ctrl+P or Cmd+P) to print on paper or Save as PDF.

Print Portfolio (Holdings Page)

The 🖨 Print Portfolio button on the Holdings page generates a detailed report with all asset information expanded, including price history charts for each position.

Simulation Report

From the Simulate page, click 🖨 Print / Save Simulation Report to generate a report covering all proposed placements and the complete before/after impact analysis.

AI Advisor Reports

Both portfolio analysis and simulation reports can be printed directly from the AI Advisor page. Each report includes a 🖨 Print / PDF button that formats the content for printing.

For best results when saving as PDF, choose "Save as PDF" as the printer destination and set margins to "Minimum" in your browser's print dialog.

🏷️ Asset Types Reference

The 9 asset classes supported by CVI PW.

IconTypeCodeLive PricingIncome LabelExamples
📈Stocks & SharesSTOCK✅ Yahoo FinanceDividendAAPL, MSFT, TSLA
CryptocurrencyCRYPTO✅ CoinGeckoStaking RewardBitcoin, Ethereum, Solana
📜Bonds & Fixed IncomeBOND✅ FT / ISINCouponGovernment bonds, corporate bonds
📊ETFs & FundsETF✅ Yahoo / ISINDividendSPY, VOO, iShares funds
💵Cash AccountsCASHInterestSavings, money market, deposits
🏠Real EstatePROPERTYRental IncomeApartments, houses, REITs
🥇Precious MetalsMETALS✅ Yahoo FinanceGold (GC=F), Silver (SI=F)
🎨Art & CollectiblesCOLLECTIBLEFine art, wine, vintage cars
📦OtherOTHERIncomeAny unlisted asset
Assets with live pricing support can have their prices refreshed automatically using the ⚡ Refresh button. Assets without live pricing require manual price updates.

💱 Currencies & FX

Multi-currency support with live exchange rates.

Base Currency

Your base currency is the currency in which all portfolio values are displayed. All asset values in different currencies are automatically converted using the stored exchange rates.

Change it via: top-bar currency button or Settings → Currencies → Base Currency.

Supported Currencies

CVI PW supports 40+ currencies including: USD, EUR, GBP, AED, CHF, SGD, JPY, CNY, SAR, INR, CAD, AUD, HKD, MYR, SEK, NOK, DKK, KWD, QAR, BHD, OMR, JOD, TRY, ZAR, and many more.

Fetching Live Rates

  1. Go to Settings → Currencies.
  2. Click ⚡ Fetch Live Rates.
  3. Exchange rates are pulled from Yahoo Finance and saved to your portfolio.
  4. A timestamp shows when rates were last updated.

Favourite Currencies

Customise which currencies appear in the quick-switch dropdown in the top navigation bar. Toggle currencies on/off in the Currency Menu grid under Settings → Currencies.

How Conversion Works

All rates are stored relative to USD as the reference. The conversion formula is:

amount_in_base = (amount ÷ rate_of_source_currency) × rate_of_base_currency

For example, to convert 1000 AED to EUR: (1000 ÷ 3.67) × 0.92 ≈ 250.68 EUR

📖 Glossary

Key financial terms used throughout CVI PW.

TermDefinition
NAVNet Asset Value — total assets minus total liabilities. Your true equity.
P&LProfit & Loss — the difference between current value and cost basis.
LTVLoan-to-Value — liabilities as a percentage of total asset value.
YieldAnnual income expressed as a percentage of current market value.
AllocationThe percentage of your portfolio invested in each asset class.
Cost BasisOriginal purchase price multiplied by quantity — your total investment.
TickerA short code used on stock exchanges (e.g., AAPL for Apple Inc.).
ISINInternational Securities Identification Number — a 12-character alphanumeric code uniquely identifying a security.
DividendA share of a company's profit distributed to shareholders.
CouponThe periodic interest payment on a bond.
FX RateForeign exchange rate — how much of one currency equals another.
Stress TestSimulating portfolio behaviour under adverse market conditions.
VaRValue-at-Risk — estimated maximum loss over a period at a given confidence level.
Coverage RatioIncome divided by expenses — your ability to cover obligations from investment income.
DiversificationSpreading investments across multiple asset types to reduce risk.
RebalancingAdjusting your portfolio to return to target allocation percentages.
Market CapTotal market value of a company (share price × total shares).
Payout FrequencyHow often income is distributed: monthly, quarterly, semi-annually, or annually.

📚 Knowledge Center — Bond & Sukuk Structures

Comprehensive reference for all note structures available on the CVI Private Wealth FixedNote platform, including conventional bonds and Shariah-compliant Sukuk instruments.

Conventional Bond & Note Types

Fixed-Rate Bond (Fixed Income Note)

How it works: The issuer borrows capital from investors and pays a fixed coupon (interest rate) at regular intervals (monthly, quarterly, semi-annually, or annually). At maturity, the principal is returned in full.

Example: A 3-year note paying 6% p.a. quarterly on a $100,000 investment pays $1,500 every quarter for 12 payments, then returns $100,000 at maturity.

Risk profile: Low-to-medium. Credit risk of the issuer, interest rate risk (if rates rise, the bond's market value decreases).

On CVI: Created as note_type: fixed_income with a set coupon_rate and coupon_frequency.

Floating-Rate Note (Variable Coupon)

How it works: The coupon adjusts periodically based on a benchmark rate (e.g., SOFR, EURIBOR) plus a fixed spread. If the benchmark rises, coupon payments increase; if it falls, they decrease.

Example: A note paying SOFR + 2.5% — if SOFR is 4.5%, the coupon is 7.0% p.a. Next quarter if SOFR moves to 4.0%, the coupon drops to 6.5%.

Risk profile: Lower interest rate risk than fixed-rate bonds (the coupon adjusts to market). Higher uncertainty in income stream.

On CVI: Created with coupon_mode: variable. The AI Trader and daily close engine calculate actual performance-based distributions.

NAV-Linked Note (Equity-Linked / Participation Note)

How it works: No fixed coupon. Investors' returns are directly tied to the Net Asset Value (NAV) of the underlying portfolio. If the portfolio appreciates, the unit price rises. If it falls, the unit price decreases. No capital protection.

Example: An investor subscribes at $100/unit. After 1 year, the backing portfolio has grown 12%, so the unit price is $112. The investor can redeem at the current NAV.

Risk profile: Medium-to-high. Full market risk exposure. No fixed income guarantee.

On CVI: Created as note_type: nav_only. Daily NAV calculated from custody account assets via the daily close engine.

Hybrid Note (NAV + Coupon)

How it works: Combines NAV-linked capital appreciation with periodic coupon payments. The portfolio generates income (dividends, option premium, interest), part of which is distributed as coupons while the remainder is reinvested to grow NAV.

Example: EYSIN (Enhanced Yield Structured Income Note) — a covered call strategy that sells option premium on equity holdings. Premium income funds monthly coupon distributions, while stock appreciation drives NAV growth.

Risk profile: Medium. Income from premiums provides a buffer, but NAV still fluctuates with the market.

On CVI: Created as note_type: hybrid. Uses Strategy Builder's covered call overlay or AI-designed income strategy.

Zero-Coupon Bond (Discount Note)

How it works: Issued at a discount to face value. No periodic coupon payments. The investor receives the full face value at maturity. The difference between purchase price and face value is the return.

Example: A 2-year zero-coupon note with face value $100 issued at $88. At maturity, the investor receives $100 — a return of ~6.8% p.a. compounded.

Risk profile: Low-to-medium. No reinvestment risk (no coupons to reinvest), but full duration risk.

On CVI: Created with coupon_rate: 0 and unit_price set below face value.

Convertible Note

How it works: A bond that can be converted into equity (shares) of the issuing entity at a predetermined conversion ratio. Pays a lower coupon than a straight bond because of the embedded option to convert to equity.

Example: A $1,000 convertible note paying 3% p.a. with a conversion ratio of 10 shares per $1,000. If the stock rises above $100/share, converting becomes profitable.

Risk profile: Medium. Downside protection through the bond floor, upside participation through the equity option.

Asset-Backed Security (ABS / Securitization)

How it works: Pools of assets (receivables, loans, leases, property income) are transferred to an SPV which issues notes backed by the cash flows from those assets. Often structured in tranches (senior/mezzanine/junior) with different risk/return profiles.

Example: A property developer transfers $10M in rental income receivables to an SPV. The SPV issues notes to investors who receive coupon payments funded by the rental income.

Risk profile: Varies by tranche. Senior tranches are lower risk with lower yield; junior tranches absorb losses first but earn higher yields.

On CVI: Created via the Securitization path in Note Creator. Upload a business plan or PPM; the Deal Architect AI structures the deal.

☪ Sukuk — Shariah-Compliant Structures

What is a Sukuk?

A Sukuk (plural: Sukuk, Arabic: صكوك) is an Islamic financial certificate similar to a bond in conventional finance, but structured to comply with Shariah (Islamic law). Unlike bonds, Sukuk do not pay interest (Riba), which is prohibited in Islam. Instead, Sukuk represent ownership shares in an underlying tangible asset, usufruct, or business venture, and returns are generated through profit-sharing, lease income, or trade margins.

Sukuk are governed by AAOIFI Shariah Standards (Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions), specifically Standards 17-21 covering investment Sukuk structures.

Core Shariah Principles Enforced by CVI

Principle (Arabic) Definition How CVI Enforces It
No Riba (ربا) Prohibition of interest. Money cannot earn money directly. Returns must come from real economic activity or asset ownership. Fixed coupons are prohibited. All distributions are variable, based on actual portfolio performance (profit-sharing).
No Gharar (غرر) Prohibition of excessive uncertainty or ambiguity in contracts. All terms must be transparent and well-defined. Options, derivatives, margin trading, and speculative strategies are automatically blocked. No covered calls, no leverage.
No Maysir (ميسر) Prohibition of gambling or speculative transactions where one party's gain equals another's loss without productive activity. Speculative strategy types (arbitrage, grid trading for pure speculation) are removed from available options.
Haram Sectors (حرام) Investment in prohibited industries: alcohol, tobacco, gambling, weapons/defense, pork products, adult entertainment, conventional banking/insurance. 64 prohibited tickers are screened in real-time. Adding a haram ticker triggers an immediate rejection with halal alternatives suggested.
Asset-Backing (>51%) Sukuk must be backed by tangible assets or productive business activity. At least 51% of the portfolio must be in real/tangible assets. Screening engine validates asset-backing ratio. Conventional bond ETFs (AGG, BND, LQD, TLT, etc.) are prohibited and replaced with Shariah-compliant alternatives.
Profit-Loss Sharing (PLS) Risk and reward must be shared between issuer and investor. Guaranteed returns are not permitted. Coupon mode forced to "variable" (profit-sharing). Returns reflect actual portfolio performance — no guaranteed yield.

Sukuk Structure Types

CVI supports six AAOIFI-recognized Sukuk structures. The appropriate type is recommended automatically by the Shariah screening engine based on the underlying assets and strategy:

☪ Sukuk al-Ijara (Lease-Based)

AAOIFI Standard: Shariah Standard No. 9 (Ijara and Ijara Muntahia Bittamleek)

How it works: The issuer (originator) sells an asset to an SPV, which leases it back to the originator. Sukuk holders own the SPV and receive rental payments as their return. At maturity, the originator repurchases the asset at a pre-agreed price.

Structure flow:

  1. Originator transfers ownership of a tangible asset (property, equipment, aircraft) to the SPV
  2. SPV issues Sukuk certificates to investors (Sukuk holders become owners of the asset via the SPV)
  3. SPV leases the asset back to the originator under an Ijara (lease) contract
  4. Originator pays periodic rental payments to the SPV, which distributes them to Sukuk holders
  5. At maturity, originator exercises a purchase undertaking to buy back the asset at face value

Shariah basis: Returns are rental income from a real asset — not interest. The SPV and Sukuk holders bear ownership risk (asset damage, depreciation). The rental rate can be fixed or floating (benchmarked to a reference rate, which is permissible as a pricing mechanism, not as Riba).

Best suited for: Real estate, infrastructure, equipment-backed notes. Most commonly used Sukuk structure globally (~60% of all Sukuk issuances).

On CVI: Recommended when the backing portfolio contains real estate or physical asset exposure.

☪ Sukuk al-Murabaha (Cost-Plus Sale)

AAOIFI Standard: Shariah Standard No. 8 (Murabaha)

How it works: The SPV uses investor funds to purchase a commodity (e.g., metal on the London Metal Exchange). The SPV then sells the commodity to the originator at cost + an agreed profit margin, with deferred payment. The originator pays in installments, which fund distributions to Sukuk holders.

Structure flow:

  1. SPV collects funds from Sukuk holders
  2. SPV purchases Shariah-compliant commodities (typically metals) on the spot market
  3. SPV sells commodities to the originator at cost + agreed profit margin (Murabaha price)
  4. Originator pays the Murabaha price in installments over the Sukuk tenor
  5. SPV distributes installment payments to Sukuk holders

Shariah basis: This is a trade transaction (sale of goods), not a loan. The profit margin is permissible because it represents a return on a real trade, not interest on money. The commodity must be genuinely purchased and delivered (even if briefly).

Best suited for: Short-term financing, commodity-backed strategies, gold/metal portfolios. Cannot be traded on secondary markets (must be held to maturity) per AAOIFI ruling.

On CVI: Recommended for commodity-heavy portfolios (GLD, IAU, physical gold exposure).

☪ Sukuk al-Musharaka (Partnership / Joint Venture)

AAOIFI Standard: Shariah Standard No. 12 (Sharika/Musharaka)

How it works: Sukuk holders and the originator form a joint venture (Musharaka). Both parties contribute capital and share profits according to a pre-agreed ratio. Losses are shared in proportion to capital contribution. This is the purest form of Islamic finance — true partnership.

Structure flow:

  1. SPV and originator form a Musharaka (partnership) agreement
  2. SPV contributes Sukuk proceeds; originator contributes assets, expertise, or additional capital
  3. Partnership invests in Shariah-compliant activities (equity portfolio, business venture, etc.)
  4. Profits are distributed per the agreed ratio (e.g., 70/30, 80/20)
  5. Losses are shared proportional to each party's capital contribution
  6. At maturity, originator may purchase the SPV's partnership share at market value

Shariah basis: True equity participation. No guaranteed returns. Both parties share risk and reward proportionally. The profit-sharing ratio can differ from the capital ratio (rewarding the managing partner's effort), but loss sharing must be proportional to capital.

Diminishing Musharaka variant: The originator gradually buys out the SPV's share over the Sukuk tenor, making periodic payments that combine profit distribution and share purchase. At maturity, the originator owns 100% of the venture.

Best suited for: Equity portfolios, diversified strategies, business ventures. The most Shariah-authentic structure.

On CVI: Default recommendation for equity-based strategies (SPUS, HLAL, individual halal stocks). Used by the Shariah Equity Growth template.

☪ Sukuk al-Wakala (Agency Investment)

AAOIFI Standard: Shariah Standard No. 23 (Agency/Wakala)

How it works: Sukuk holders appoint the originator as their agent (Wakil) to invest their funds in Shariah-compliant activities. The agent earns a fixed fee or performance-based incentive, while all investment returns belong to the Sukuk holders (the principal).

Structure flow:

  1. SPV collects funds from Sukuk holders
  2. SPV appoints the originator as Wakil (investment agent) under a Wakala agreement
  3. Wakil invests funds in a diversified portfolio of Shariah-compliant assets
  4. Wakil earns a fixed management fee (Wakala fee) and may earn incentive fee for outperformance
  5. All profits above the Wakala fee are distributed to Sukuk holders
  6. Losses are borne by Sukuk holders (the principals), unless caused by negligence of the Wakil

Shariah basis: Agency relationship — the Wakil is a fiduciary. Investment returns are not guaranteed. The Wakil's fee is for services rendered, not interest. The expected profit rate is an estimate, not a guarantee.

Best suited for: Managed portfolios, multi-asset strategies, treasury management. Most flexible structure — can invest in any Shariah-compliant asset class.

On CVI: Default recommendation for multi-asset and diversified strategies. Most commonly recommended by the screening engine.

☪ Sukuk al-Mudaraba (Profit-Sharing Investment)

AAOIFI Standard: Shariah Standard No. 13 (Mudaraba)

How it works: Sukuk holders provide 100% of the capital (Rabb al-Mal). The originator provides 100% of the expertise and management (Mudarib). Profits are shared per an agreed ratio. Losses are borne entirely by the capital providers (Sukuk holders), unless the Mudarib was negligent.

Structure flow:

  1. SPV collects funds from Sukuk holders (who are the capital providers)
  2. SPV provides capital to the originator (Mudarib) under a Mudaraba agreement
  3. Mudarib manages the investment using their expertise and business acumen
  4. Profits are shared according to agreed ratio (e.g., 60% to Sukuk holders, 40% to Mudarib)
  5. Losses are absorbed by Sukuk holders (capital providers), not the Mudarib
  6. Mudarib loses their time and effort if the venture is unsuccessful

Shariah basis: Classical Islamic partnership where one party provides capital and the other provides labor/expertise. The asymmetric loss sharing is intentional — the capital provider risks money, the manager risks time/effort. Neither party receives a guaranteed return.

Best suited for: Fund-of-funds, private equity, venture capital structures where the manager's expertise is the primary value driver.

On CVI: Recommended for strategies where the AI Trader or portfolio manager is the primary driver of returns.

☪ Sukuk al-Istisna (Manufacturing/Construction)

AAOIFI Standard: Shariah Standard No. 11 (Istisna and Parallel Istisna)

How it works: A contract to manufacture or construct a specific asset to agreed specifications. Sukuk holders fund the construction through the SPV. Upon completion, the asset generates income (via Ijara lease-back or sale) which funds distributions.

Structure flow:

  1. SPV collects funds from Sukuk holders
  2. SPV enters an Istisna contract with a contractor to build/manufacture a specified asset
  3. During construction: no distributions (or partial distributions from interim milestones)
  4. Upon completion: SPV leases the completed asset to the originator (parallel Ijara)
  5. Rental income from the completed asset funds periodic distributions to Sukuk holders
  6. At maturity, the asset is sold or transferred, and proceeds are returned to Sukuk holders

Shariah basis: A sale contract for a thing to be manufactured/constructed. Price, specifications, and delivery date must be agreed upfront. Different from a loan because it involves a real deliverable asset. Commonly combined with Ijara for the post-completion income phase.

Best suited for: Infrastructure projects, real estate development, manufacturing. Rarely used for portfolio-based products.

☪ CVI Shariah Screening & Certification Process

How CVI Validates Shariah Compliance

Every Sukuk created through CVI undergoes a multi-layered automated Shariah screening process before issuance. The screening engine checks the product against AAOIFI standards and produces a compliance score (0-100) with detailed findings. A product must score 100/100 with zero critical violations to receive the Shariah Compliance Certificate.

Screening Steps:

  1. Riba Check: Validates no fixed interest/coupons. Scans for conventional bonds (AGG, BND, LQD, TLT, HYG, JNK, and 15 others) in the portfolio. Ensures coupon mode is "variable" (profit-sharing).
  2. Gharar Check: Validates no options, derivatives, margin, or speculative instruments. Covered call overlays are automatically stripped. Leverage is locked to 1x (no borrowing).
  3. Maysir Check: Screens for purely speculative strategies (gambling-like risk profiles). Validates that the strategy has a productive economic purpose.
  4. Haram Sector Screening: Cross-references all portfolio tickers against a database of 64 prohibited stocks across 8 sectors: alcohol (BUD, DEO, STZ, TAP, SAM), tobacco (PM, MO, BTI, IMBBY), gambling (LVS, MGM, WYNN, CZR, DKNG), weapons/defense (LMT, RTX, NOC, GD, BA, HII, LHX, SWBI, RGR), and conventional finance (JPM, GS, MS, BAC, C, WFC, and 25+ others).
  5. Asset-Backing Validation: Calculates the tangible asset ratio. At least 51% of the portfolio must be in tangible/real assets. Pure financial instruments (stocks of companies with >33% debt-to-assets) are flagged.
  6. Profit-Loss Sharing: Validates that the structure includes genuine risk-sharing between issuer and investor. No capital guarantees or guaranteed minimum returns.
  7. Terminology & Structure: Ensures the product uses correct Islamic finance terminology. Recommends the optimal Sukuk type based on the underlying assets.

Halal Alternatives:

When haram assets are detected, the system suggests Shariah-compliant alternatives:

Ticker Name Description
SPUSSP Funds S&P 500 ShariaS&P 500 filtered for Shariah compliance
HLALWahed FTSE USA Shariah ETFUS large-cap halal equity ETF
UMMAWahed Dow Jones Islamic World ETFGlobal Islamic equity index
SPRESP Funds S&P Global REIT ShariaShariah-compliant global real estate
GLDSPDR Gold TrustPhysical gold — inherently Shariah-compliant
IAUiShares Gold TrustPhysical gold — lower expense ratio alternative

For Shariah Scholars & Legal Review:

The CVI screening engine produces a machine-readable screening report (JSON format) that includes every check performed, the specific AAOIFI standard reference, each finding with severity level (pass/warning/critical), and the recommended Sukuk structure type with rationale. This report can be exported and provided to an independent Shariah Supervisory Board (SSB) or Shariah scholar for human certification. The automated screening ensures baseline compliance; human scholarly review provides the final religious certification required under AAOIFI Governance Standard No. 1.

Conventional Bonds vs Sukuk — Quick Comparison

Feature Conventional Bond ☪ Sukuk
NatureDebt obligation — IOU from issuerOwnership certificate — share in an asset or venture
ReturnsInterest (Riba) — fixed or floatingProfit from trade, lease, or partnership — variable
Asset backingNot required (unsecured bonds common)Required — must be backed by tangible assets (>51%)
Risk sharingCreditor bears no business risk (guaranteed repayment)Investors share in profits AND losses
TradabilityFreely tradeableTradeable (except Murabaha Sukuk — held to maturity)
GovernanceSecurities regulation onlySecurities regulation + Shariah Supervisory Board
Prohibited sectorsNo restrictions (ESG optional)Alcohol, tobacco, gambling, weapons, pork, conventional finance

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

Quick answers to common questions.

General

What is CVI PW?
CVI PW is a web-based portfolio management platform for tracking investments across multiple asset classes, currencies, and portfolios. It provides real-time analytics, income tracking, leverage management, simulation tools, and AI-powered advisory reports.
What asset types can I track?
CVI PW supports 9 asset types: Stocks & Shares, Cryptocurrency, Bonds & Fixed Income, ETFs & Funds, Cash Accounts, Real Estate, Precious Metals, Art & Collectibles, and Other Assets.
Is my data secure?
Yes. CVI PW uses token-based authentication (JWT). Sessions are stored in the browser and expire when you close the tab. Passwords are hashed on the server. All API communication uses HTTPS encryption.
Can multiple users share the same system?
Yes. CVI PW supports multiple users with role-based access control. Admins manage users and system settings. Each investor has their own portfolios and can only see their own data.

Assets & Pricing

How do I refresh asset prices?
Click the button in the top navigation bar. This fetches the latest market prices for all assets that have a ticker symbol or ISIN. You can also refresh from Settings → Tools → Refresh All Prices. Prices are fetched from Yahoo Finance (stocks, ETFs, metals), CoinGecko (crypto), and FT Markets (ISIN-based funds and bonds).
Why isn't my asset's price updating?
Price refresh requires either a ticker symbol (e.g., AAPL) or an ISIN (e.g., LU1564329115). Assets without these identifiers (like manually entered real estate or collectibles) must be updated manually by editing the asset. Also check that your FX rates are up to date if the asset is in a foreign currency.
How do I search by ISIN?
In the Add Asset wizard, simply type or paste the ISIN code (12 characters, e.g., LU1564329115) into the search field. The system automatically detects the ISIN format and routes the lookup through FT Markets / Morningstar to find the security, its price, and dividend data.
Can I add an asset without a ticker or ISIN?
Yes! Select the appropriate asset type (e.g., Real Estate, Cash, Collectibles) and fill in the details manually. You just won't get automatic price updates — you'll need to edit the current price manually when it changes.
How does AI Import work?
In the Add Asset wizard, switch to the ✨ AI Import tab and paste any text — trade confirmations, broker statements, or even plain English descriptions. Claude AI extracts asset details (name, ticker, ISIN, quantity, price, currency, income) and pre-fills the form. You can review and adjust before saving.

Currencies & FX

How do I change my base currency?
Click the currency button (e.g., "USD") in the top-right corner of the navigation bar and select your preferred currency. All portfolio values will instantly recalculate. You can also change it in Settings → Currencies → Base Currency.
Are exchange rates updated automatically?
Exchange rates are not updated automatically on a schedule. Click ⚡ Fetch Live Rates in Settings → Currencies to pull the latest rates from Yahoo Finance. The timestamp shows when rates were last refreshed.
What if my currency isn't listed?
CVI PW supports 40+ currencies. If yours isn't included, contact your administrator. The currency list is configured in the system settings. You can also enter manual exchange rates for any pair.

Simulation & Backtest

Does the simulator change my actual portfolio?
No. The simulator is purely hypothetical. No actual trades or changes are made to your holdings. Placements exist only for the duration of your session and are cleared when you leave the page.
Can I simulate multiple trades at once?
Yes! You can add unlimited placements. Each one uses the full Add Asset wizard. The impact panel shows the combined effect of all placements together, including cumulative impact on cash, income, yield, and NAV.
How does the leverage facility work?
The Investment & Leverage Settings panel lets you configure a portfolio-level Lombard/margin facility. Set your capital to invest, choose a leverage ratio (1:1 through 1:5), select the loan currency, and set the interest rate. With 1:1 leverage and 2.5M capital, you deploy 5M total (2.5M equity + 2.5M borrowed). Only your equity is deducted from cash — the borrowed amount comes from the facility. The interest is calculated as an annual cost (interest-only, no capital repayment) and deducted from gross income to show net income and ROE.
What is the Historical Backtest?
After building a simulation, click "📈 Historical Backtest" to see how that exact combination of products would have performed historically. The system fetches real closing prices from Yahoo Finance for each product, computes a combined portfolio NAV over time, and displays an interactive chart with key metrics (total return, max drawdown, volatility). You can toggle individual product lines on/off and switch between 1M, 3M, 6M, 1Y, 2Y, and 5Y lookback periods.
Does the AI use real market news?
Yes. Before every AI interaction, CVI PW fetches live financial data: market index levels (S&P 500, Nasdaq, VIX, 10Y yield, gold, oil, etc.), recent news headlines from Reuters, CNBC, MarketWatch, NYT, and BBC, plus the current Federal Funds Rate. This context is injected into the AI prompt so recommendations reference actual market conditions, geopolitical developments, and central bank policy — not generic rules.
Can I save a simulation for later?
Simulations are session-based and are reset when you leave the page. However, you can print the simulation report to save a PDF record of your analysis for future reference.

AI Advisor

Why can't I use the AI Advisor?
The AI Advisor requires an Anthropic API key to be configured by your administrator (Admin → API Keys). Without it, the AI features will not function.
How often should I regenerate reports?
Generate a new portfolio analysis whenever you make significant changes to your portfolio (adding/removing assets, updating prices). Investment recommendations are generated on-demand via the AI Simulate tab.
How does the AI handle leveraged portfolios?
When leverage is active, the AI shifts to an income-first strategy. It prioritises high-yield assets (covered call ETFs, high-yield bonds, preferred stocks) as core positions (60-75%), adds diversifying income (15-25%), and minimises low-yield growth positions. The AI ensures the weighted portfolio yield exceeds the borrowing cost by a meaningful margin, calculates gross income → financing cost → net income → ROE, and validates that the leverage creates real value for the client.
What portfolio construction rules does the AI follow?
The AI operates as a professional portfolio manager following institutional-grade rules: no redundant exposures (correlation control), best-in-class product selection (AUM > $500M, expense ratio < 0.50%), position sizing discipline (max 15% single position, max 30% single sector), income diversification (no single position > 25% of income), mandatory stabilising bond allocation, macro cycle positioning using live market data, liquidity requirements (90%+ liquid within one day), and rebalancing discipline. All allocations are profile-driven — not hardcoded — based on the client's risk tolerance, horizon, income needs, and goals.

Account & Access

How do I change my password?
Go to Settings → Account → Change Password. Enter your current password and your new password twice to confirm. Click Save.
I forgot my password — how do I reset it?
Password resets are handled by your administrator. Contact them to have your password reset. There is no self-service password recovery at this time.
What's the difference between Admin and Investor roles?
Investors can manage their own portfolios, assets, expenses, and generate reports. Admins have all investor capabilities plus access to the Admin panel for user management, API key configuration, and system-wide portfolio oversight.

🔧 Troubleshooting

Solutions to common issues.

Price Refresh Not Working

Symptoms

Clicking ⚡ Refresh shows a toast but prices don't update for some assets.

Solutions

  • Ensure the asset has a ticker symbol or ISIN — assets without identifiers cannot be auto-refreshed.
  • Check that the ticker is valid on Yahoo Finance (stocks, ETFs, metals) or CoinGecko (crypto).
  • For ISIN-based assets, ensure the ISIN is a valid 12-character code. The system detects ISINs automatically.
  • Precious metals need Yahoo Finance tickers (e.g., GC=F for gold, SI=F for silver).
  • If rates are stale, fetch fresh FX rates from Settings → Currencies → ⚡ Fetch Live Rates.

Charts Not Displaying

Symptoms

Price history charts in Holdings or Print Portfolio appear blank or grow infinitely.

Solutions

  • Chart.js requires the canvas element to be inside a container with a fixed height. This is handled automatically.
  • Try refreshing the page (Ctrl+R).
  • If printing, ensure pop-ups are allowed for the site.

Print Window Not Opening

Symptoms

Clicking Print/PDF buttons does nothing.

Solutions

  • Ensure your browser allows pop-ups for this site. Print reports open in a new window.
  • Check for browser pop-up blockers and add an exception for CVI PW.

AI Features Not Working

Symptoms

AI Import or AI Advisor shows errors or doesn't respond.

Solutions

  • Verify that an Anthropic API key is configured: Admin → API Keys. The status indicator should show green ✓.
  • Check that the API key is valid and has sufficient credits.
  • AI Advisor responses may take 20–40 seconds — wait for the spinner to complete.

Session Expired / Logged Out

Symptoms

Redirected to login page unexpectedly.

Solutions

  • Sessions are stored in the browser tab. Closing the tab ends the session — this is by design for security.
  • Do not use incognito/private mode if you want sessions to persist during the tab's lifetime.
  • Log in again with your credentials.

Currency Values Look Wrong

Symptoms

Portfolio values seem incorrect or show unexpected numbers.

Solutions

  • Check your base currency — you may have switched it inadvertently. Look at the currency button in the top-right.
  • Fetch fresh FX rates: Settings → Currencies → ⚡ Fetch Live Rates.
  • Verify that each asset has the correct native currency set (edit the asset to check).

⌨️ Keyboard Shortcuts & Tips

Work faster with these shortcuts and power-user tips.

Browser Shortcuts

ShortcutAction
Ctrl+P / Cmd+PPrint current page or report
EscapeClose any open modal or dialog
TabNavigate between form fields
EnterSubmit forms or activate focused buttons
Ctrl+R / Cmd+RRefresh the page (returns to last viewed page)

Power-User Tips